Everything about Indicator Organism totally explained
Indicator organisms are used to measure potential fecal contamination of environmental samples. The presence of
coliform bacteria, such as
E. coli, in
surface water is a common indicator of
fecal contamination. Coliform bacteria in water samples may be quantified using the most probable number (MPN) method, a probabilistic test which assumes cultivable bacteria meet certain growth and biochemical criteria. If preliminary tests suggest that coliform bacteria are present at numbers in excess of an established cut-off (the
Coliform Index), fecal contamination is suspected and confirmatory assays such as the
Eijckman test are conducted.
Coliform bacteria selected as indicators of fecal contamination must not persist in the environment for long periods of time following efflux from the intestine, and their presence must be closely correlated with contamination by other fecal organisms. Indicator organisms need not be pathogenic.
Non-coliform bacteria, such as
Streptococcus bovis and certain
clostridia may also be used as an index of fecal contamination.
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